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	<title>blog/shl@INTERDOSE &#187; Kerberos</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/topics/kerberos/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian</link>
	<description>Interdose Ltd. &#38; Co KG</description>
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		<title>OpenAFS-Client on Ubuntu 9.10 &#8211; the dkms way</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/02/02/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-%e2%80%9ckarmic-koala%e2%80%9d-the-dkms-way/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/02/02/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-%e2%80%9ckarmic-koala%e2%80%9d-the-dkms-way/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Feb 2010 09:45:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenAFS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=2571</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[With sur5r&#8217;s dkms-hint, let&#8217;s write this article again:
The installation of the client on modern Linux distributions is pretty straight forward. 

get the packages
compile the kernel module
mess around in some config files

First step: get the packages
sudo apt-get install
openafs-client openafs-doc openafs-modules-dkms openafs-krb5 krb5-clients krb5-config krb5-user krb5-doc
(Yes, we&#8217;ll install the -doc-Packages, because everyone likes documentation)
Last step: the config [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>With <a href="http://blogs.noname-ev.de/sur5r">sur5r</a>&#8217;s <code>dkms</code>-hint, let&#8217;s write <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/01/31/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-“karmic-koala”/">this article</a> again:</p>
<p>The installation of the client on modern Linux distributions is pretty straight forward. </p>
<ol>
<li>get the packages</li>
<li><s>compile the kernel module</s></li>
<li>mess around in some config files</li>
</ol>
<p><em>First step:</em> <strong>get the packages</strong><br />
<code>sudo apt-get install<br />
openafs-client openafs-doc openafs-modules-dkms openafs-krb5 krb5-clients krb5-config krb5-user krb5-doc</code><br />
(Yes, we&#8217;ll install the <code>-doc</code>-Packages, because everyone likes documentation)</p>
<p><em>Last step:</em> <strong>the config files</strong><br />
Open <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> and edit the sections containing the following:</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><table><tr><td class="line_numbers"><pre>1
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</pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="bash" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#91;</span>libdefaults<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#93;</span>
        default_realm = MYCELL.NET
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#91;</span>realms<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#93;</span>
        MYCELL.NET = <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#123;</span>
                kdc = kdc1.mycell.net
                kdc = kdc2.mycell.net
                admin_server = kdc1.mycell.net
                default_domain = mycell.net
        <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#125;</span>
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#91;</span>domain_realm<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#93;</span>
        .mycell.net = MYCELL.NET
        mycell.net = MYCELL.NET</pre></td></tr></table></div>

<p>You should translate <em>mycell.net</em> to your local cell settings, but you already knew that, right? Ask your AFS Admin, if you are not sure about the correct values.</p>
<p>You may also take a look at <code>/etc/openafs/afs.conf.client</code>, <code>/etc/openafs/ThisCell</code> and <code>/etc/openafs/CellServDB</code>, but in most cases there&#8217;s no need to change something within these three files. If you need to get an updated version of <code>/etc/openafs/CellServDB</code>, just get it via FTP from <a href="http://grand.central.org">grand.central.org</a>.<br />
<code> wget -O /etc/openafs/CellServDB<br />
ftp://ftp.central.org/pub/cellservdb/CellServDB</code></p>
<p><em>The very last step:</em> <strong>restart the client</strong><br />
<code>sudo /etc/init.d/openafs-client restart</code><br />
Now the magic happens. The missing kernel module will be compiled <em>in time</em> and the OpenAFS-Client gets started. The benefit: remember updating your kernel and updating every single module again and again? <code>dkms</code> will help you, that you only need to update the kernel &#8211; the modules will be upgraded automagicly.</p>
<p>You&#8217;re done! <code>kinit</code> and <code>aklog</code> will be your best friends from now on! <img src='http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/02/02/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-%e2%80%9ckarmic-koala%e2%80%9d-the-dkms-way/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>OpenAFS-Client on Ubuntu 9.10 “Karmic Koala”</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/01/31/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-%e2%80%9ckarmic-koala%e2%80%9d/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/01/31/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-%e2%80%9ckarmic-koala%e2%80%9d/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 15:18:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenAFS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=2536</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[After installing my favourite window manager, next thing I&#8217;ll need is the OpenAFS-Client.  
The installation of the client on modern Linux distributions is pretty straight forward. 

get the packages
compile the kernel module
mess around in some config files

First step: get the packages
sudo apt-get install
openafs-client openafs-doc openafs-modules-source openafs-krb5 krb5-clients krb5-config krb5-user krb5-doc
(Yes, we&#8217;ll install the -doc-Packages, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After installing my favourite <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/01/31/enlightenment-e17-on-ubuntu-9-10-karmic-koala/">window manager</a>, next thing I&#8217;ll need is the <a href="http://www.openafs.org">OpenAFS</a>-Client.  </p>
<p>The installation of the client on modern Linux distributions is pretty straight forward. </p>
<ol>
<li>get the packages</li>
<li>compile the kernel module</li>
<li>mess around in some config files</li>
</ol>
<p><em>First step:</em> <strong>get the packages</strong><br />
<code>sudo apt-get install<br />
openafs-client openafs-doc openafs-modules-source openafs-krb5 krb5-clients krb5-config krb5-user krb5-doc</code><br />
(Yes, we&#8217;ll install the <code>-doc</code>-Packages, because everyone likes documentation)</p>
<p><em>Next step:</em> <strong>build the kernel module</strong><br />
Maybe you&#8217;ll need some more packages for this step:<br />
<code>sudo apt-get install module-assistant build-essential</code><br />
Now start the <em>module assistant</em>, to build the <code>openafs</code>-module.<br />
<code>sudo module-assistant</code></p>
<p><a href="http://upload.blogs.interdose.com/sebastian//2010/01/m-a.png"><img src="http://upload.blogs.interdose.com/sebastian//2010/01/m-a-300x200.png" alt="m-a" title="m-a" width="300" height="200" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2537" /></a></p>
<p>The first entries &#8220;UPDATE&#8221; and &#8220;PREPARE&#8221; could take a few minutes, because eventually missing packages (e.g. kernel sources or headers, or the compiler-chain) will be installed. &#8220;SELECT&#8221; will open the next window, where you should search the module and select it. </p>
<p><a href="http://upload.blogs.interdose.com/sebastian//2010/01/build.png"><img src="http://upload.blogs.interdose.com/sebastian//2010/01/build-300x200.png" alt="build" title="build" width="300" height="200" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2538" /></a></p>
<p>Now build the module. The next question will be &#8220;would you like to install the build module?&#8221;, but you should now have a guess what to do <img src='http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
You should now exit the <em>module assistant</em>.</p>
<p><em>Last step:</em> <strong>the config files</strong><br />
Open <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> and edit the sections containing the following:</p>

<div class="wp_syntax"><table><tr><td class="line_numbers"><pre>1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
</pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="bash" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#91;</span>libdefaults<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#93;</span>
        default_realm = MYCELL.NET
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#91;</span>realms<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#93;</span>
        MYCELL.NET = <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#123;</span>
                kdc = kdc1.mycell.net
                kdc = kdc2.mycell.net
                admin_server = kdc1.mycell.net
                default_domain = mycell.net
        <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#125;</span>
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#91;</span>domain_realm<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">&#93;</span>
        .mycell.net = MYCELL.NET
        mycell.net = MYCELL.NET</pre></td></tr></table></div>

<p>You should translate <em>mycell.net</em> to your local cell settings, but you already knew that, right? Ask your AFS Admin, if you are not sure about the correct values.</p>
<p>You may also take a look at <code>/etc/openafs/afs.conf.client</code>, <code>/etc/openafs/ThisCell</code> and <code>/etc/openafs/CellServDB</code>, but in most cases there&#8217;s no need to change something within these three files. If you need to get an updated version of <code>/etc/openafs/CellServDB</code>, just get it via FTP from <a href="http://grand.central.org">grand.central.org</a>.<br />
<code> wget -O /etc/openafs/CellServDB<br />
ftp://ftp.central.org/pub/cellservdb/CellServDB</code></p>
<p><em>The very last step:</em> <strong>restart the client</strong><br />
<code>sudo /etc/init.d/openafs-client restart<br />
Stopping AFS services:.<br />
Starting AFS services: openafs afsd.<br />
afsd: All AFS daemons started.</code></p>
<p>You&#8217;re done! <code>kinit</code> and <code>aklog</code> will be your best friends from now on! <img src='http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2010/01/31/openafs-client-on-ubuntu-9-10-%e2%80%9ckarmic-koala%e2%80%9d/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Kerberos &#8211; a dialogue in four scenes</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/10/06/kerberos-a-dialogue-in-four-scenes/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/10/06/kerberos-a-dialogue-in-four-scenes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2009 16:18:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT-Humor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=1762</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This dialogue provides a fictitious account of the design of an open-network authentication system called &#8220;Charon&#8221;. As the dialogue progresses, the characters Athena and Euripides discover the problems of security inherent in an open network environment. Each problem must be addressed in the design of Charon, and the design evolves accordingly. Athena and Euripides don&#8217;t [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><a href="http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/dialogue.html">This dialogue</a> provides a fictitious account of the design of an open-network authentication system called &#8220;Charon&#8221;. As the dialogue progresses, the characters Athena and Euripides discover the problems of security inherent in an open network environment. Each problem must be addressed in the design of Charon, and the design evolves accordingly. Athena and Euripides don&#8217;t complete their work until the dialogue&#8217;s close.</p></blockquote>
<p>Auch wenn <a href="http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/dialogue.html">dieser Text</a> schon durchaus etwas älter ist, und ich schon (zu) oft darauf verwiesen habe &#8211; es lohnt sich immer wieder. </p>
<p>Und was lernen wir daraus? <em>Auch IT-Menschen haben <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/topics/fun/">Humor</a>. </em></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/10/06/kerberos-a-dialogue-in-four-scenes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Talk: Kerberos Security</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/07/04/talk-kerberos-security/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/07/04/talk-kerberos-security/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2009 09:26:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Veranstaltungen]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=1197</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nachdem mein OpenSolaris-Talk gestern ein Erfolg war (ich habe danach ein paar LiveCDs verteilen können, und das sehe ich bereits als Erfolg), werde ich mich heute wieder hinter dem Rednerpult verstecken. 
Mein Thema für heute: Kerberos Security.
Passwörter haben einen großen Nachteil &#8211; man verliert zu einfach den Überblick. Ein möglicher Ansatzpunkt für diese Problematik ist [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nachdem mein <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/07/02/talk-opensolaris-eine-einfuhrung/">OpenSolaris</a>-Talk gestern ein Erfolg war (ich habe danach ein paar <a href="http://opensolaris.org/os/downloads/">LiveCDs</a> verteilen können, und das sehe ich bereits als Erfolg), werde ich mich heute wieder hinter dem Rednerpult verstecken. </p>
<p>Mein Thema für heute: <a href="https://wiki.uugrn.org/UUGRN:10_Jahre_UUGRN_e.V./Vorträge/Kerberos_Security">Kerberos Security</a>.</p>
<blockquote><p>Passwörter haben einen großen Nachteil &#8211; man verliert zu einfach den Überblick. Ein möglicher Ansatzpunkt für diese Problematik ist der Einsatz von Kerberos, zur Authentifizierung und zur Authorisierung von Benutzern sowie ein verteiltes Benutzer-Management für angebotene Dienste.<br />
Am Beispiel der UUGRN-Infrastruktur wird ein fiktives Kerberos-Setup im Zusammenspiel mit OpenLDAP aufgezeigt, welche Möglichkeiten sich damit bieten, welche Risiken und welche Stolperfallen existieren, und wieviel sowie welchen Aufwand eine Implementierung bedeutet.<br />
Eine Einführung in die Terminologie sowie die Grundlagen von Kerberos sorgt dafür, daß Zuhörer jedes Wissensstands willkommen sind.</p></blockquote>
<p>Interesse? Auf zum <a href="http://0x0a.uugrn.org">0&#215;0A</a> nach Schwetzingen. Mein Time-Slot beginnt um <a href="https://wiki.uugrn.org/UUGRN:10_Jahre_UUGRN_e.V.">18:00h</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>mod_waklog 1.00 released</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/06/09/mod_waklog-100-released/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2009/06/09/mod_waklog-100-released/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2009 09:12:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenAFS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=1116</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I am pleased to announce that version 1.00 of mod_waklog is now available to download.
mod_waklog is an Apache module that provides aklog-like semantics for the web.  mod_waklog will acquire (and store in the kernel) an AFS credential when a connection is opened, use the credential for the duration of the connection, and will remove [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>I am pleased to announce that version 1.00 of mod_waklog is now available <a href="https://sourceforge.net/project/platformdownload.php?group_id=150541">to download</a>.</p>
<p>mod_waklog is an <a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache</a> module that provides <a href="http://docs.openafs.org/Reference/1/aklog.html">aklog</a>-like semantics for the web.  mod_waklog will acquire (and store in the kernel) an AFS credential when a connection is opened, use the credential for the duration of the connection, and will remove the credential when the connection is closed.</p>
<p>This release adds support for Apache2, a shared token cache, per-&lt;Location&gt; principals, and many other improvements.</p>
<p><strong>Please note that the names of some of the configuration directives have changed in this release.</strong>  See the README for the new names.</p></blockquote>
<p><font size=-2>[Quelle: <a href="http://openafs.org/credits.html">Adam</a> via <a href="http://lists.openafs.org/mailman/listinfo/openafs-announce">openafs-annouce</a>]</font></p>
<p>Unter <a href="http://www.modwaklog.org/">mod_waklog</a> muß man sich das Backend hinter <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/09/28/openafs-mit-dem-iphone/">Filedrawers</a> vorstellen, also die <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/09/26/openafs-workshop-2008-tag-2/">Schnittstelle</a> zwischen dem Apache und dem Kerberos-Realm. </p>
<blockquote><p>mod_waklog is developed in C. mod_waklog acquires <a href="http://www.openafs.org">AFS</a> credentials of the logged in user and allows Apache to run as that user.</p></blockquote>
<p><font size=-2>[Quelle: <a href="http://www.modwaklog.org/">modwaklog.org</a>]</font></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Anmeldung am AFS mit PAM</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/07/21/anmeldung-am-afs-mit-pam/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/07/21/anmeldung-am-afs-mit-pam/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 11:41:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OpenAFS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LDAP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=83</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anmelden am AFS kann man sich auch wunderbar per PAM. Das erspart dem User sowohl kinit als auch aklog. 
Auf Debian werden hierfür zwei Pakete benötigt:

libpam-krb5
libpam-openafs-session

/etc/pam.d/common-auth:
auth&#160;&#160;optional&#160;&#160;&#160;pam_krb5.so forwardable debug
auth&#160;&#160;sufficient&#160;pam_unix.so use_first_pass nullok_secure
auth&#160;&#160;required&#160;&#160;&#160;pam_deny.so

/etc/pam.d/common-session:
session&#160;&#160;optional&#160;&#160;pam_krb5.so debug
session&#160;&#160;optional&#160;&#160;pam_openafs_session.so
session&#160;&#160;required&#160;&#160;pam_unix.so

Damit das auch über SSH funktioniert, noch eine kleine Änderung an der SSHd-Config.
/etc/ssh/sshd_config:
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
UsePAM yes

Im Falle dieser Beispiel-Config ist es wichtig, daß Kerberos-Passwörter und lokale [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/06/09/anmeldung-am-afs/">Anmelden am AFS</a> kann man sich auch wunderbar per <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules">PAM</a>. Das erspart dem User sowohl <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/tooldocs/linux/kinit.html">kinit</a> als auch <a href="http://www.openafs.org/pages/manpages/1/aklog.html">aklog</a>. </p>
<p>Auf Debian werden hierfür zwei Pakete benötigt:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-krb5.html">libpam-krb5</a></li>
<li><a href="http://packages.debian.org/source/libpam-afs-session">libpam-openafs-session</a></li>
</ul>
<p><code><strong>/etc/pam.d/common-auth:</strong><br />
auth&nbsp;&nbsp;optional&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pam_krb5.so forwardable <em>debug</em><br />
auth&nbsp;&nbsp;sufficient&nbsp;pam_unix.so use_first_pass nullok_secure<br />
auth&nbsp;&nbsp;required&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pam_deny.so<br />
</code></p>
<p><code><strong>/etc/pam.d/common-session:</strong><br />
session&nbsp;&nbsp;optional&nbsp;&nbsp;pam_krb5.so <em>debug</em><br />
session&nbsp;&nbsp;optional&nbsp;&nbsp;pam_openafs_session.so<br />
session&nbsp;&nbsp;required&nbsp;&nbsp;pam_unix.so<br />
</code></p>
<p>Damit das auch über <a href="http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/07/18/ssh-und-kerberos-auf-debian/">SSH</a> funktioniert, noch eine kleine Änderung an der SSHd-Config.</p>
<p><code><strong>/etc/ssh/sshd_config:</strong><br />
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes<br />
UsePAM yes<br />
</code></p>
<p>Im Falle dieser Beispiel-Config ist es wichtig, daß Kerberos-Passwörter und lokale Unix-Passwörter überein stimmen. Ändern läßt sich das z.B. per <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol">LDAP</a>. <em><strong>root</strong></em> kann sich immer anmelden, selbst wenn das <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_distribution_center">KDC</a> nicht erreichbar ist. </p>
<p>Das Keyword &#8220;<em>debug</em>&#8221; kann entfernt werden, sobald per <code>/var/log/authlog</code> geklärt ist, daß der Login funktioniert.</p>
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		<title>SSH und Kerberos (auf Debian)</title>
		<link>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/07/18/ssh-und-kerberos-auf-debian/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/2008/07/18/ssh-und-kerberos-auf-debian/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2008 13:55:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kerberos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SSH]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/?p=65</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Das Nachfolgende funktioniert auf Debian-Systemen. Es läßt sich aber recht leicht auf andere Betriebssysteme &#8220;portieren&#8221;, da es keine Debian-Spezifische Funktionalität ist. 
SSH Public-Keys sind toll. Kerberos ist besser!  
Kerberos-Tickets kann man für SSH-Verbindungen nutzen, in etwa bildet man damit das Verhalten von SSH Public-Keys nach. Es kann allerdings mehr.
Was braucht man?
Einen Kerberos-Principal für den [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><font size="-2">Das Nachfolgende funktioniert auf <a href="http://www.debian.org">Debian</a>-Systemen. Es läßt sich aber recht leicht auf andere Betriebssysteme &#8220;portieren&#8221;, da es keine Debian-Spezifische Funktionalität ist. </font></p>
<blockquote><p>SSH Public-Keys sind toll. <a href="http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/">Kerberos</a> ist besser! <img src='http://blogs.interdose.com/sebastian/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p></blockquote>
<p>Kerberos-Tickets kann man für SSH-Verbindungen nutzen, in etwa bildet man damit das Verhalten von SSH Public-Keys nach. Es kann allerdings mehr.</p>
<p><strong>Was braucht man?</strong></p>
<p>Einen <a href="http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/krb5-1.5/krb5-1.5.4/doc/krb5-user/What-is-a-Kerberos-Principal_003f.html">Kerberos-Principal</a> für den Benutzer und einen Principal für den Host. Den Key für den Host legt man mit einem <em>random</em>-Passwort an und exportiert ihn anschließend noch.<br />
<code><a href="http://linux.die.net/man/8/kadmin">kadmin</a>: ank user<br />
kadmin: ank -randkey host/maschine<br />
kadmin: ktadd -k /tmp/maschine.keytab host/maschine</code></p>
<p>Auf einem <strong>sicheren</strong> Weg nun die exportierte Datei auf den SSH-Server in <code>/etc/<a href="http://mailman.mit.edu/pipermail/kerberos/2002-June/001055.html">krb5.keytab</a></code> kopieren oder besser gleich verschieben. </p>
<p><strong>Änderung am SSHd</strong></p>
<p>Endweder man verwendet direkt das Paket <em><a href="http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=ssh-krb5">ssh-krb5</a></em> oder man passt en existierenden SSHd etwas an. </p>
<p><code><strong>/etc/ssh/sshd_config:</strong><br />
<em># <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)">Kerberos</a> options</em><br />
KerberosAuthentication yes<br />
KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes<br />
KerberosTicketCleanup yes<br />
<em># <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Security_Services_Application_Program_Interface">GSSAPI</a> options</em><br />
GSSAPIAuthentication yes<br />
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes<br />
</code></p>
<p><strong>Kerberos Client auf dem Server</strong></p>
<p>Das Paket <em><a href="http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=krb5-user">krb5-user</a></em> muß installiert sein.</p>
<p><code><strong>/etc/krb5.conf:</strong><br />
[libdefaults]<br />
&nbsp;default_realm = <em>REALM</em><br />
[realms]<br />
&nbsp;<em>REALM</em> = {<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;kdc = <em>kdc-master</em>:88<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;kdc = <em>kdc-slave</em>:88<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;admin_server = <em>kdc-master</em>:749<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;default_domain = <em>domain</em><br />
}<br />
[domain_realm]<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>.</strong><em>domain</em> = <em>REALM</em><br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>domain</em> = <em>REALM</em><br />
</code></p>
<p>Das war&#8217;s fast schon.</p>
<p><strong>Der User</strong></p>
<p>Im Home-Verzeichnis des Users die <code><strong>.</strong><a href="http://www.zdv.uni-mainz.de/cms-extern/DUS/progtool/dce31unx/refer/comref/Comre759.htm">k5login</a></code> erzeugen und mit den Principals die sich anmelden dürfen füllen.<br />
<code>user@REALM<br />
nocheinuser@REALM</code></p>
<p>Pro Zeile einen Principal.<br />
That&#8217;s it. </p>
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